A recent study published in The Lancet Neurology Journal reveals a troubling global rise in stroke cases and deaths, primarily driven by increasing air pollution, high temperatures, and metabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure and inactivity.

The research highlights that particulate matter (PM) air pollution contributes to strokes in a manner comparable to smoking, underscoring its significance as a risk factor.

In 2021, the leading global risk factors for stroke were identified as high systolic blood pressure, particulate matter air pollution, smoking, high LDL cholesterol, and household air pollution, with variations noted across different demographics.

The study found that 84% of stroke cases were linked to 23 modifiable risk factors, indicating substantial opportunities for prevention and risk reduction.

Lead author Professor Valery L. Feigin emphasizes the urgent need for population-wide strategies to prevent strokes, particularly among at-risk individuals.

Experts are calling for the implementation of effective, accessible, and affordable measures for stroke prevention, surveillance, care, and rehabilitation on a global scale.

There is a critical need for interventions targeting obesity and metabolic syndromes to address the escalating stroke crisis.

Ambient air pollution has emerged as a major risk factor for stroke, contributing to 14% of deaths and disabilities from specific types of strokes, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Stroke-related deaths reached 7.3 million in 2021, marking a 44% increase since 1990, making stroke the third leading cause of death worldwide.

Over 75% of stroke cases occur in low- and middle-income countries, highlighting significant disparities in healthcare access and outcomes.

This comprehensive study, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, was published on September 18, 2024, and underscores the urgent need for improved stroke prevention strategies.

Key risk factors identified include air pollution, excess body weight, high blood pressure, smoking, and physical inactivity, all of which require targeted interventions.