A recent multilevel study indicates that cannabis use, particularly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), may contribute to the thinning of the cerebral cortex in adolescents.

The research involved exposing adolescent male mice to THC, which demonstrated that THC affects gene expression related to synapse and dendrite structure, resulting in dendritic atrophy.

In line with these findings, THC exposure in mice led to a reduction in dendritic branches, aligning with predictions observed in human studies.

The study revealed that THC induces shrinkage of dendritic arborization, which is essential for neuron communication, potentially impairing overall brain function.

Moreover, THC appears to promote the removal of synapses by acting on microglia, which could provide insights into the neurobiological effects of cannabis products.

Dr. Paus highlighted that a decrease in dendritic input can hinder learning, social interactions, and adaptability, making adolescents more susceptible to life challenges.

Experts stress the significant implications of these findings for adolescent brain health, particularly concerning decision-making and the increased risk of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.

In light of these risks, clinicians are urged to discuss cannabis use with adolescent patients, especially those with a family history of mental illness.

With the rising concentrations of THC in commercial cannabis products and increased usage among North American youth, understanding THC's impact on brain maturation is vital for public health initiatives.

The collaborative study employed advanced techniques in cellular biology, imaging, and bioinformatics to enhance understanding of cannabis and its effects on adolescent brain development.

The researchers also called for further studies to include female subjects and explore potential sex differences in the effects of cannabis on the brain.

These findings were published in the Journal of Neuroscience, emphasizing the urgent need for effective public health strategies to address the implications of cannabis use among adolescents.