Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, have become a significant global concern since their identification in the environment two decades ago.

The production of plastics has surged since the mid-20th century, with approximately 368 million tonnes produced in 2019, and projections indicate this could double by 2039.

A recent study warns that global plastic waste could reach 1.3 billion metric tons by 2030, far exceeding current waste management efforts.

Plastic waste generation is expected to outpace mitigation efforts, highlighting the urgent need for innovative waste management strategies.

As plastic production continues to rise, the urgency to address microplastic pollution is underscored, necessitating effective policies and individual actions to combat this issue.

Microplastics pose a growing threat to both human health and environmental ecosystems, as evidenced by various studies.

Recent research has detected microplastics in the human brain, challenging the belief that the blood-brain barrier protects against external particles.

In a study, microplastics were found in 54% of urine samples and 70% of kidney samples, raising concerns about their impact on human health.

The potential for microplastic pollution to double by 2040 could increase the risk of severe health issues, emphasizing the need for further research.

Despite concerns, current evidence does not link microplastics or nanoplastics to increased human birth defects, possibly due to the protective role of the placenta.

The ongoing negotiations for the UN Plastics Treaty aim to address global plastic production and tackle microplastic pollution.

Microplastics can enter the human body through various routes, including ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption, and potentially via the olfactory nerves.