A recent study from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford has identified brainstem damage as a significant factor contributing to long-lasting symptoms associated with severe COVID-19 infections.

Researchers found abnormalities in critical areas of the brainstem, such as the medulla oblongata and pons, which are linked to neuroinflammatory responses that develop weeks after hospital admission.

These brain changes are believed to stem from the body's immune response to the virus rather than a direct viral attack.

To achieve detailed imaging of the brainstem, the study utilized advanced 7-Tesla MRI scanners, as standard MRI machines were inadequate for this purpose.

First author Catarina Rua emphasized the importance of being able to scan the brainstem, which plays a vital role in quality of life and was previously challenging to assess due to its size and location.

The study correlated quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) signals with various factors, including disease severity, inflammatory response, and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.

Dr. Sharon Stevelink highlighted the profound impact of post-COVID syndrome on daily life, emphasizing the need for comprehensive care that addresses both physiological and psychosocial factors.

The study's findings may also provide insights into other inflammatory conditions affecting the brainstem, such as multiple sclerosis and dementia.

Limitations of the study included its focus on patients infected with the original strain of COVID-19 and a predominantly white participant demographic, highlighting the need for further research across diverse populations.

The study underscores the increased strain on healthcare systems, particularly on older, female workers and those with pre-existing conditions in the health and social care sector.

Individuals who have experienced COVID-19 are advised to consult their healthcare providers about potential heart health risks, particularly as heart palpitations can indicate underlying issues.

The research was published on October 7, 2024, in the journal Brain, and was supported by various institutions, including the National Institutes of Health.