Both male and female mice treated at twelve months demonstrated enhancements in endurance tests, with males showing significant increases in grip strength and reductions in fibrosis.

Additionally, transplanted muscles from treated mice exhibited larger fiber sizes and increased proliferation markers, indicating enhanced regeneration capabilities.

Brain analysis of the treated mice revealed a higher number of functional neurons and increased cellular proliferation markers, suggesting neurological benefits associated with Klotho treatment.

This study represents the first demonstration of lifespan extension through AAV-mediated s-KL therapy in wild-type mice, paving the way for further research across various genetic backgrounds.

In a groundbreaking study published in Molecular Therapy, researchers utilized an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver gene therapy that upregulated Klotho protein expression in 96 Black 6 male and female mice.

The study found that increasing Klotho protein expression significantly extends lifespan in male mice.

Notably, male mice exhibited a significant increase in secreted Klotho (s-KL) levels, which contributed to this lifespan extension without serious health issues, contrasting with female mice that faced health complications.

Klotho exists in various forms, including the full m-KL, which can interfere with FGF23 function, and the secreted Klotho (s-KL), known for its anti-aging effects.

The study also revealed that bone structure improvements were observed in female mice treated at six months, while males showed non-significant improvements at twelve months, highlighting differing effects on FGF23 levels between the sexes.