As individuals age, senescent cells accumulate and release pro-inflammatory factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), contributing to chronic inflammation.

Cellular senescence, which is characterized by irreversible cell-cycle arrest, plays a critical role in the aging process and the development of age-related diseases.

Recent research highlights the significant influence of the microbiome, particularly gut microbiota, on host senescence processes, suggesting a strong connection between microbial health and aging.

Pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Helicobacter pylori have been shown to contribute to DNA damage and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accelerate cellular senescence through pathways like NF-κB and p53-p21.

The review underscores the detrimental effects of specific bacterial toxins and dysbiosis on cellular aging, highlighting the urgent need for further research in this area.

Conversely, beneficial microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can help mitigate the onset of senescence by enhancing antioxidant defenses and reducing inflammation.

Given these insights, modulating the gut microbiome emerges as a promising strategy for delaying cellular senescence and developing targeted anti-aging interventions.

Understanding the microbial contribution to cellular senescence may lead to new insights into the progression of age-related diseases and identify potential therapeutic targets.