Potential therapeutic approaches targeting LLPS in age-related diseases are being explored, aiming to interfere with aberrant phase separation in cellular processes.

Membraneless structures, such as Cajal bodies and P granules, utilize liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form distinct droplets, which facilitate chemical reactions and component isolation within cells.

Research has identified LLPS as a crucial factor in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses and neurodegenerative disorders.

The formation of distinct cellular compartments, whether membrane-bound or membraneless, is essential for maintaining normal cellular functions and organizing biochemical reactions effectively.

While membrane-bound organelles create confined spaces for biomolecules using lipid bilayers, membraneless structures also significantly contribute to cellular organization without the need for membranes.

Innovative techniques like fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are enhancing our understanding of LLPS in cellular signaling, providing insights into how these processes function.

Carlos López-Otín and colleagues expanded the hallmarks of aging from nine to twelve, incorporating insights from LLPS related to aging and disease.

The aging process has been linked to mechanisms such as genomic instability and telomere attrition, both of which are influenced by LLPS and membraneless structures.