Microplastics are tiny plastic particles formed from the degradation of larger plastic items, and they can be inhaled into the human body, raising significant health concerns.

Studies have revealed that patients with higher concentrations of microplastics in their airways exhibit more lung lesions and higher levels of harmful bacteria, suggesting a possible link to respiratory disease severity.

Research indicates that microplastics can cause DNA damage, promote genetic mutations, and impair immune function, potentially increasing the risk of respiratory infections.

Inhalation of microplastics is associated with local inflammation, oxidative stress, and may contribute to chronic pulmonary diseases, as demonstrated in various in vitro and animal studies.

Microplastics have been found to accumulate in the deepest parts of the respiratory system, with their presence confirmed in samples from bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsies.

These microplastics can also carry harmful substances from their environment, including heavy metals and antibiotics, further compounding health risks.

Concerns have been raised about chemicals leaching from microplastics, such as phthalates and bisphenol A, which can negatively impact airway health.

Experts like Chris Carlsten, MD, have emphasized that air may be an equal or greater source of microplastics in the body compared to food and water, highlighting the urgent need for further research.

With rising global plastic production, human exposure to microplastics is expected to increase, prompting international initiatives and regulations aimed at combating plastic pollution.

Experts advocate for improved air filtration systems and better methods to assess the health impacts of microplastics, noting that while progress has been made, significant research remains ahead.

Challenges in research include determining individual exposure levels, the variable nature of plastic mixtures, and the impact of smoking on microplastic concentrations in the lungs.

Microplastics vary in size and shape, influencing their penetration into the respiratory system, with fiber-shaped microplastics being particularly concerning due to their persistence and accumulation in older populations.