Recent research has identified a concentration of 100 µg/mL of L. bulgaricus 1.0207 exopolysaccharide (EPS) as optimal for its protective effects against oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 cells.

L. bulgaricus 1.0207 EPS exhibited significant scavenging abilities against various free radicals, including DPPH, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, and ABTS radicals.

These findings suggest a theoretical basis for utilizing L. bulgaricus 1.0207 EPS in the development of functional foods aimed at enhancing gut health and addressing oxidative stress-related disorders.

The study also explored the antibacterial effects of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) from the psychrophilic Lactobacillus strain, Dellaglioa algida, against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas fragi.

CFS treatment was shown to reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, while also downregulating their mRNA expression, thus alleviating inflammation caused by the Pseudomonas strains.

Additionally, CFS treatment decreased protease activity and metabolic capacity in the tested Pseudomonas strains, indicating an effective antibacterial mechanism.

Dellaglioa algida has been identified as a novel cold-adapted inhibitor of Pseudomonas, highlighting its potential applications in food preservation and pharmaceuticals.

Analysis of the CFS revealed 94 volatile components, with protein and sugar concentrations measured at 32.857 mg/mL and 98.250 mg/L, respectively.

The EPS produced by Dellaglioa algida consists of nine monosaccharides, including rhamnose, glucose, and mannose, connected by α- and β-glycosidic bonds, with an average molecular weight of 21,630 Da.

The EPS activated the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, leading to increased expression of antioxidant genes and proteins such as CAT, SOD, and HO-1.

Moreover, the EPS enhances nitric oxide (NO) secretion by modulating the iNOS/NO pathway, which helps mitigate oxidative damage.

Overall, the findings suggest that EPS from both L. bulgaricus 1.0207 and Dellaglioa algida have promising applications as antioxidants and immunomodulators.