While some U.S. agencies had previously imposed rules against these relationships, a comprehensive ban had not been enforced since that era.

This directive, implemented by former U.S. Ambassador Nicholas Burns shortly before he left office, comes amid escalating tensions between the U.S. and China, particularly concerning espionage and intelligence gathering.

The policy was communicated to American government staff in China in January 2025, following concerns from several members of Congress about the risks associated with personal relationships with Chinese citizens.

The decision to broaden these restrictions was influenced by Congress, which raised alarms about the inadequacy of existing regulations regarding such relationships.

Historically, the U.S. government has enforced similar restrictions during the Cold War to mitigate foreign influence and espionage risks through personal connections.

The new policy reflects heightened security concerns regarding the tactics employed by Chinese intelligence, underscoring the need for stringent measures in safeguarding national interests.

Personnel who have existing relationships with Chinese citizens may seek exemptions; however, if their requests are denied, they must either end the relationship or resign, with violations leading to immediate expulsion from China.

In a significant policy shift, U.S. personnel in China are now prohibited from engaging in relationships with all Chinese citizens, a move that expands previous restrictions which only applied to those employed as guards or support staff at diplomatic missions.

This policy does not apply to U.S. employees stationed outside of China, but violations within China will result in forced departure.

Although the policy has been communicated to American personnel in China, the State Department has not made a public announcement or provided details, declining to comment on the internal directive.

The Chinese foreign ministry has refrained from commenting on the U.S. ban, suggesting that inquiries should be directed to the U.S. government.

Concerns about espionage through personal relationships are not unique to the U.S.; similar issues have been raised in other countries, including France and the UK, indicating a broader global challenge.