First UK Sheep Infected with H5N1 Bird Flu: Fears Rise Over Potential Human Pandemic
March 24, 2025
There are worries that increased spillovers and exposure to humans could enable the virus to adapt and become more infectious among people.
In response to this detection, officials culled the infected ewe and all affected birds, with subsequent testing showing negative results for avian influenza in the remaining flock.
While the risk to livestock remains low, animal owners are advised to uphold high cleanliness standards and report any signs of infection to the Animal Plant Health Agency.
H5N1 is particularly concerning as it can cause severe illness and death, and experts are vigilant due to its potential to lead to a human pandemic.
The H5N1 bird flu virus has been detected in a sheep in Yorkshire, England, marking the first occurrence of this virus in sheep in the country.
The UK Health Security Agency is closely monitoring the situation and has established preparations for potential human cases of avian flu.
In the U.S., there have been 70 confirmed human cases of bird flu since 2024, including one death earlier this year, although human-to-human transmission has not been documented.
Experts, including Professor Ed Hutchinson, express concern over the unexpected infection in sheep, warning of potential risks to human health.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has reported numerous H5N1 infections in mammals, including cats and seals, raising concerns about the virus's adaptability.
Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has proposed allowing bird flu to spread to induce immunity in flocks, a strategy that has faced criticism from public health experts.
In the UK, millions of poultry have been culled in response to a new wave of H5N1 infections, with large areas designated as avian influenza prevention zones.
Authorities emphasize that the bird flu virus is not new and is being actively monitored and managed to prevent further spread.
Summary based on 18 sources
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Sources

The New York Times • Mar 24, 2025
Bird Flu Found in Sheep in U.K., a World First
The Guardian • Mar 24, 2025
World’s first case of bird flu in sheep detected in England
Forbes • Mar 25, 2025
Bird Flu Found In Sheep For First Time, Sparking Health Concerns
The Independent • Mar 24, 2025
What is bird flu and what threat does it pose after being detected in sheep for the first time?