Analyst Ming-Chi Kuo attributes the decision to omit mmWave support to challenges related to power consumption.

Despite these limitations, Apple claims the C1 modem is the most power-efficient modem used in an iPhone, contributing to the iPhone 16e's record battery life among 6.1-inch models.

Kuo notes that baseband chips like the C1 do not significantly benefit from the latest advanced manufacturing nodes, making a shift to a 3nm process unlikely in the near future.

Looking ahead, Apple is developing a refreshed version of the C1 modem, expected to support mmWave technology, which will enhance its capabilities for high-speed data transmission.

The second-generation C1 modem is anticipated to debut in the iPhone 18 models, introducing mmWave support and achieving download speeds of up to 6 gigabits per second by 2026.

The manufacturing process for the C1 modem involves various nodes, including a baseband size of 4/5nm and low-frequency/Sub-6 TRx at 7nm.

Apple has introduced its first 5G modem, the C1, with the release of the iPhone 16e, although it notably lacks support for mmWave 5G, which limits its performance in high-traffic areas.

The C1 modem's design compromises include the absence of mmWave 5G support and limited Wi-Fi capabilities, restricting it to Wi-Fi 6 instead of the newer Wi-Fi 7.

By 2027, coinciding with the iPhone's 20th anniversary, Apple aims to surpass Qualcomm in modem performance, integrating advanced features such as support for next-generation satellite networks.

The upcoming iPhone 17 Air is expected to feature the C1 modem, and a rumored iPhone 17e could be among the first devices to adopt the new C1 modem.

Apple's focus on developing its modem technology reflects its strategy to reduce reliance on external suppliers, enhancing integration with its devices.

While Qualcomm has claimed that Apple's C1 modem does not compare favorably to its new X85 modem, Apple plans to optimize the C1 for better integration with its devices, similar to its M-series processors.