Experts note that migration flows will help offset the birth deficit caused by the rising death rate, a trend similar to those observed in other European countries.

However, France's fertility rate was recorded at 1.62 children per woman in 2024, and if this trend continues, deaths are expected to surpass births by 2027, indicating a potential population decline.

This projected negative natural balance will place France among 21 EU countries already experiencing similar declines, including Germany and Latvia.

Belgium, on the other hand, is expected to see population growth, gaining nearly 1 million residents by 2050, primarily due to migration.

As of January 1, 2025, France's population is approximately 68.6 million, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 0.25%, primarily driven by migration rather than natural birth rates.

A recent study by the Institut national d'études démographiques (Ined) highlights that net migration accounted for 90% of the population growth, adding 152,000 people in 2024.

Despite these concerns, demographer Laurent Toulemon reassures that there is no immediate cause for alarm if migration patterns remain stable.

Demographers attribute the decline in births to changing societal aspirations and economic uncertainties that deter family formation.

The aging population, a result of the post-World War II baby boom, is expected to contribute to rising mortality rates, further complicating the demographic landscape.

Researchers caution that various uncertain factors, such as health crises and fluctuations in fertility and migration, could significantly impact future demographic trends.

In contrast, Germany, the EU's most populous country, reported a negative growth rate of 10.9% in 2023, reflecting a broader trend of population decline across Europe.

While France faces challenges, its situation is far less critical than that of South Korea, which recorded a fertility rate of 0.75 children per woman in 2024, indicating a potential demographic collapse.