Moraes has previously taken action against misinformation by blocking accounts linked to 'digital militias' during Jair Bolsonaro's presidency.

This demand follows X's recent announcement to cease operations in Brazil, despite the platform serving approximately 20 million active users in the country.

The conflict between de Moraes and Musk's platform centers around issues of free speech, misinformation, and the handling of far-right accounts.

Brazilian Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes has issued a stern ultimatum to X, formerly known as Twitter, demanding that Elon Musk appoint a legal representative in Brazil within 24 hours or face shutdown.

Failure to comply with Moraes' orders could result in significant penalties, including a daily fine of 20,000 reais and potential imprisonment for X's Brazilian representative.

If compliance is not met, Moraes plans to notify Brazil's telecommunications regulator, Anatel, to enforce the suspension of X's services.

Musk's management of X has faced criticism for retreating from anti-disinformation measures and allowing the return of controversial figures.

The absence of a legal representative could hinder X's ability to manage misinformation, particularly with upcoming municipal elections expected to see a rise in fake news.

In Brazil, the legal landscape surrounding free speech is more restrictive than in the U.S., where Musk's actions are under scrutiny for potentially inciting criminal activity.

Critics of de Moraes argue that his actions constitute political overreach, while supporters maintain that they are necessary to protect democracy in Brazil.

Brazil represents a crucial market for X, with around 40 million users, making compliance with local laws essential for Musk's vision of a free speech platform.

Earlier this month, X announced the removal of its remaining staff in Brazil, citing threats against its legal representative from de Moraes.