Astrophysicists, led by Merav Opher, propose that Earth experienced multiple ice ages around two million years ago due to exposure to interstellar clouds, specifically the Local Lynx of Cold Clouds (LxCCs).

The Solar System passing through these clouds impacted the heliosphere, causing it to shrink and exposing Earth to radiation and cooling particles.

This encounter with the dense interstellar medium potentially triggered the emergence of humans.

Geological evidence of Earth's past contact with the interstellar medium supports this theory, with higher levels of elements from star explosions found.

The study, published in Nature Astronomy, utilized computer modeling and data from the Gaia Satellite, estimating that Earth was outside the heliosphere for around 10,000 years.

The research challenges traditional views on ice age factors and highlights the significance of understanding the Sun's movements and encounters with cosmic phenomena in shaping Earth's history and climate.

Further investigation into the effects of Galactic cosmic rays and encounters with molecular clouds on Earth's climate is necessary to fully comprehend the implications of the Sun's motion through rare interstellar clouds on our planet's evolution.