An international team of planetary scientists, led by Adomas Valantinas, discovered extensive morning frost deposits on the calderas of the Tharsis volcanoes on Mars, near the equator.

This observation challenges previous beliefs about Mars' climate dynamics and highlights the active water exchange between regolith and atmosphere on the planet.

The discovery of water ice clouds and vapor above the Tharsis volcanic province further enhances our understanding of Mars' water cycle dynamics and potential for supporting life.

Valantinas plans to investigate Martian mysteries related to astrobiology, particularly focusing on ancient hydrothermal environments that may have supported microbial life.

The findings provide valuable insights for future exploration and human endeavors on Mars and underscore the importance of collaborative efforts in Mars exploration.