Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health, in collaboration with international teams, have produced complete reference genomes for the sex chromosomes of six ape species.

The study, published in Nature, utilized advanced sequencing technologies to reveal rapid changes on the male-specific Y chromosome, highlighting its variability across species and unique survival strategies.

The research uncovered the role of purifying natural selection in maintaining gene integrity, the importance of genetic redundancy, and palindromes in preserving genes.

Genetic variation within gorillas and chimpanzees was explored, confirming the presence of purifying selection on the Y chromosome.

This study marks the first complete chromosomal sequences of non-human primates, providing valuable insights into human evolution, genetic diversity, and implications for endangered species.

The findings offer new perspectives on the evolution of great apes and will support future research on primate evolution and human diseases.