Overall, Rosenthal's research on cephalopods serves as a model for understanding RNA's role in behavior and genetics, potentially leading to groundbreaking therapeutic developments.

Josh Rosenthal, a scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, is pioneering research into RNA editing as a potential non-addictive alternative to opiates for pain relief.

Current pain management primarily relies on addictive opiates, prompting Rosenthal to explore innovative methods that modify pain-related proteins in human cells.

Cephalopods, such as squid and octopus, have complex nervous systems that allow them to edit their own RNA at high rates, providing valuable insights into genetic therapies.

To advance his research, Rosenthal founded a biotech company named Korro, which focuses on utilizing RNA editing techniques to treat genetic diseases, particularly those affecting the liver and lungs.

Rosenthal's work is supported by a $6 million federal grant, enabling collaboration with researchers from prestigious institutions such as Yale and the University of Texas Dallas to tackle the addiction crisis.

His research specifically targets the nociceptive system, which processes pain signals, with the goal of engineering proteins in nerve cells to diminish pain perception.

Unlike permanent DNA editing methods like CRISPR, RNA editing offers temporary changes that can adapt to evolving conditions, providing a flexible therapeutic approach.

Researchers believe RNA editing could correct messages from mutated genes responsible for various diseases, presenting a safer alternative to permanent genetic alterations.

This unique RNA editing capability in cephalopods, which is more pronounced than in other organisms, may unlock new avenues for understanding genetic behavior and disease.

If successful in his endeavors, Rosenthal may consider launching another biotech venture to commercialize RNA-based pain relief therapies.

The shift towards RNA research has gained momentum, particularly following its critical role in the development of COVID vaccines, leading scientists to explore its therapeutic potential.