Certain cognitive domains, particularly processing speed and attention, were found to be more susceptible to stress, mirroring effects observed on Earth.

Researchers noted that astronauts might compensate for cognitive declines, allowing them to effectively complete tasks despite observed performance issues.

Recent research has examined the cognitive effects of microgravity and radiation on astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

The study utilized The Cognition Battery, a series of computerized tests designed to assess various cognitive abilities, including memory, attention, and emotion recognition.

Mental skill tests were conducted at multiple intervals—before, during, and after missions—revealing temporary changes in cognitive performance without any permanent damage to the central nervous system.

Importantly, these cognitive changes did not persist after astronauts returned to Earth, indicating no significant long-term impairment.

While some minor cognitive effects were noted early in the mission, they appeared linked to stress from launch and acclimation to a cramped environment rather than long-term changes due to microgravity or radiation.

Despite minor slowdowns in certain cognitive tasks, the study found no significant cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative decline among astronauts during their time in space.

Although the study identified specific cognitive vulnerabilities, it did not clarify the reasons behind these changes or their potential impact on astronauts' operational performance.

These findings could provide valuable insights as astronauts prepare for future missions to the Moon, Mars, or beyond, especially regarding the detection of cognitive changes due to increased radiation and communication delays.

The study also found a decrease in risk-taking propensity during the late flight and post-flight phases, potentially linked to stressors associated with space travel.

Looking ahead, future strategies will focus on swift travel to destinations and exploring methods to mitigate health risks associated with space travel.