Widely recognized for co-creating and hosting the landmark 1980 television series 'Cosmos', Sagan captivated millions globally with his engaging approach to science.

Carl Sagan's legacy is marked by his profound scientific achievements and his role in popularizing science, inspiring generations of scientists and enthusiasts.

He also investigated the climatic effects of nuclear detonations, coining the term 'nuclear winter' to describe potential long-term cooling from soot in the atmosphere.

He authored notable works, including the best-selling science fiction novel 'Contact' and the Pulitzer Prize-winning 'The Dragons of Eden', further popularizing scientific concepts.

Sagan was instrumental in advancing astrobiology, conducting experiments on prebiotic chemistry and studying the delivery of life's building blocks to early Earth.

In the 1960s, he researched Venus's extreme temperatures, attributing them to a greenhouse effect, which served as a warning about fossil fuel emissions.

As we approach the 90th anniversary of his birth on November 9, 2024, Sagan's commitment to science and advocacy continues to resonate.

He emphasized critical thinking and skepticism in his influential book 'The Demon-Haunted World', which encourages an evidence-based understanding of the world.

Sagan actively contributed to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) and co-designed the Pioneer plaques and Voyager Golden Records, aimed at communicating with potential extraterrestrial civilizations.

Despite being nominated for the National Academy of Sciences, Sagan's admission was controversially blocked due to jealousy among peers, highlighting controversies in the scientific establishment.

His scholarly work remains highly cited, accumulating over 1,000 citations annually, which is notable even compared to members of the National Academy of Sciences.

An advocate for scientific truth, Sagan testified about climate change and opposed nuclear proliferation, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based beliefs.