Economic growth and the rising proportion of construction land have been identified as primary drivers of increased carbon emissions, which quadrupled over the study period.

The research indicates that northern regions of China emit more carbon than central and southern areas, with construction land expansion being a significant contributor.

Overall, the studies provide a scientific reference for global regions facing similar challenges in carbon reduction and sustainable land management.

Recent studies have investigated the impact of land use changes on carbon emissions in various regions of China, including Qingdao from 2000 to 2020 and Jiangxi Province from 1995 to 2020.

These studies align with China's broader strategy for high-quality development and ecological civilization, emphasizing the necessity of low-carbon urban development.

The findings highlight the importance of developing differentiated ecological compensation policies and engaging various market participants to create effective compensation mechanisms.

Land use change is a critical characteristic of urban-rural integration, often resulting in the conversion of agricultural land to urban built-up land, which impacts ecological balance and sustainability.

In Henan Province, the impact of urban-rural integration on land use patterns and ecosystem services has been analyzed from 1990 to 2020, revealing significant trends in land use transformation.

In Henan, the study found an ecological surplus in most areas, with a total compensation amount of CNY 1.39 billion, highlighting the region's potential for ecological compensation.

Sustainable land use planning is emphasized as essential for balancing urban growth with ecological conservation and enhancing the value of ecosystem services.

The research underscores the need to transform macro-level low-carbon strategies into targeted local policies for effective carbon management.

The study advocates for a scientific and reasonable cultivated land ecological compensation (CLEC) standard to address regional development imbalances and ecological challenges.