A recent study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry on October 30, 2024, aims to enhance targeted treatments for anxiety and depression, conditions that impact millions globally.

The research identified intercalated cells in the amygdala expressing the FOXP2 gene, which could serve as a potential target for anxiety treatment due to its role in regulating signal traffic.

These FOXP2-expressing cells also showed expression of the Neuropeptide FF Receptor 2 (NPFFR2), indicating that drugs targeting this receptor may offer new treatment options for anxiety-related disorders.

Led by graduate student Shawn Kamboj, the research team utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to explore cell types in the amygdala of both humans and rhesus macaques.

The study highlights both similarities and differences in amygdala cell types between humans and non-human primates, which is crucial for translating findings from animal research to human conditions.

Using single-cell RNA sequencing, researchers analyzed brain samples to categorize cells based on active gene expression patterns.

Drew Fox, an associate professor at UC Davis and senior author of the study, emphasized that traditional metrics of amygdala size and structure do not reliably predict emotional disorders.

Fox also pointed out the amygdala's significant role in emotional processing, particularly in relation to fear and anxiety.

Previous studies in rodents have shown that different cell types within amygdala subregions have distinct functions, suggesting that specific alterations in these cells may contribute to anxiety disorders.

Understanding the specific cell types involved in anxiety could lead to identifying 'chokepoints' for developing more effective therapies, according to Drew Fox.

The research was supported by the California National Primate Research Center, the NIH, and the Simons Foundation, with contributions from various institutions.

This collaborative effort underscores the importance of mapping cell types in the amygdala to improve our understanding of emotional processing and its implications for mental health.