Kendall Square in Cambridge has evolved from an industrial hub into a leading center for the biotech industry, largely due to its proximity to MIT and significant advancements in biotechnology.

The growth of biotechnology in this region was significantly driven by the innovation of recombinant DNA technology, pioneered by scientists like Paul Berg, with substantial support from researchers at Harvard and MIT.

In 1977, the Cambridge Recombinant DNA Technology Ordinance was enacted, establishing a predictable business environment that attracted early biotech firms, including Biogen.

Cambridge's proactive approach made it the first city to regulate recombinant DNA research, creating a stable environment that allowed biotech companies to thrive.

However, Harvard faced challenges in its involvement with biotech, including opposition from the Cambridge mayor when it sought to build a lab for DNA research, which led to a temporary moratorium on such research until safety regulations were put in place.

Initially, Harvard University played a crucial role in biotech research since the 1970s but distanced itself from commercial ventures in the early 1980s due to concerns over commercialization and land availability.

This distancing was further complicated by internal resistance to commercial involvement, exemplified by the 'Ptashne Fiasco' in 1980, which derailed plans for a genetics firm partnership.

During this period, MIT leveraged its land holdings and focus on applied sciences to establish itself as a leader in the biotech sector, while Harvard's engagement in the industry diminished.

Entering the 21st century, Harvard began to re-engage with the biotech field under new leadership, launching initiatives like the Broad Institute and the Wyss Institute to translate research into practical applications.

In a strategic move to reclaim its role in the biotech landscape, Harvard is developing the Enterprise Research Campus in Allston, although it faces challenges in catching up with MIT's established position.