Genetic studies suggest that the bone collector's lineage diverged from its relatives over six million years ago, indicating it predates the formation of Oahu.

The caterpillars meticulously curate their cases, adding insect parts with precision, a behavior that Rubinoff describes as 'serial killer-esque'.

Rubinoff emphasizes the need for increased funding and resources to study and conserve these unique insects, highlighting their genetic adaptations for survival.

The researchers found the caterpillar in webs of four non-native spider species, showcasing its adaptability in an ecosystem dominated by invasive species.

In laboratory tests, the caterpillar has shown a preference for using insect parts or spider exoskeletons in its silk casing, rather than natural materials.

Conservationists warn that without protective measures, the bone collector could become extinct, resulting in the loss of a remarkable species adapted to live among spiders.

Despite related species existing on other Hawaiian islands, the bone collector is unique to Oahu, underscoring its vulnerability and the importance of conservation.

The bone collector primarily consumes trapped ants, beetles, weevils, and flies, often feeding on leftovers after spiders have eaten.

A newly identified species of carnivorous caterpillar, known as the bone collector caterpillar, was described in the journal Science on April 24, 2025, by entomologist Daniel Rubinoff and his team.

This rare caterpillar, which has only 62 recorded individuals, inhabits a small area of forest on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, making it critically endangered.

Over two decades, Rubinoff and his team have observed these caterpillars residing in spider webs within tree cavities, logs, or rock formations.

The caterpillar's limited range, confined to a 15-square-kilometer area, puts its survival at risk, especially as Hawaii is known as the 'extinction capital' of the world.