Gene therapy is progressing with the help of both viral and non-viral gene delivery systems.

Viral vectors, while efficient, raise concerns due to possible immune responses and integration into the host genome.

Non-viral vectors, including liposomes and red cell membranes, provide safer alternatives with reduced risk of immunogenicity.

Non-viral vectors have distinct advantages such as liposomes carrying large DNA fragments and red cell membranes avoiding immune detection.

Challenges remain in the field, with viral vectors facing issues like potential immunogenicity and costly production processes.

Despite these challenges, gene therapy continues to show promise in treating and potentially curing genetic disorders.