In light of the geopolitical challenges posed by the US and Russia, particularly since the Munich Security Conference, Europe urgently needs to enhance its defense capabilities.

To effectively respond to Russian aggression, EU member states must prioritize military mobility and infrastructure improvements to support the rapid deployment of forces.

There is a growing recognition that Europe may need to significantly bolster its military capabilities to defend itself against Russia without relying on US support.

Guntram Wolff argues that self-insurance is more costly than collective security and advocates for joint procurement, which could also stimulate the EU economy.

Financial investments are crucial, with estimates suggesting that European states need to invest around 500 billion euros in defense over the next decade, far exceeding current budget allocations.

A recent analysis by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy and Bruegel outlines the requirements and costs necessary for Europe to achieve self-defense.

To finance this enhanced defense posture, the EU and its member states would need to increase military spending by approximately 250 billion euros annually, raising defense spending from 2% to between 3.5% and 4% of GDP.

Specifically, Germany would need to raise its defense budget from 80 billion euros to 140 billion euros, which would represent 3.5% of its GDP.

Wolff emphasizes that these defense costs are significantly lower than those incurred during the COVID-19 pandemic and warns of the real threat posed by Russia in the coming years.

At a recent informal summit, EU states reached a consensus to increase funding for air and sea defense, military mobility, cyber defense, and drone development.

Cremer highlights a rhetorical shift in the EU's defense approach, moving from questioning whether to defend against external threats to focusing on how to do so effectively.

According to EU politician Tobias Cremer, Europe must take responsibility for its own security as transatlantic relations and the European security architecture face significant risks.