These proposals could significantly impact Ethereum's scalability initiatives and funding philosophies, reinforcing the network's commitment to decentralization and security.

Buterin emphasized the importance of diversification in zero-knowledge systems, warning that shared code could lead to systemic risks due to bugs propagating across implementations.

Central to the proposal is a '2-of-3' model that employs three proof types: optimistic, zero-knowledge (ZK), and trusted execution environment (TEE) provers.

Buterin argues that the term 'public goods' has become politicized, often favoring those skilled in community politics over those delivering genuine value.

Wei Dai, a research partner, explained that this model allows for rapid finality while safeguarding against soundness bugs in the ZK system.

The roadmap also outlines requirements for 'Stage 2 rollups,' which would provide near-instant confirmations and strong resistance to failures, even in semi-trusted settings.

Despite these advancements, the rollups will still adhere to Ethereum's 30-day upgrade delay to ensure network stability during transitions.

Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, has unveiled a new roadmap aimed at enhancing the security and finality of Layer 2 (L2) solutions.

A transaction is finalized when any two of these proof types agree, thereby reducing the risk associated with relying on a single proof method.

Open-source funding aims to prioritize projects that create maximum value for humanity, aligning with Buterin's vision of sustainable, community-driven blockchain infrastructure.

The roadmap includes a flexible, multi-proof system that supports Ethereum's scalability while maintaining decentralization and trust minimization.

In addition to technical proposals, Buterin advocates for a shift in funding culture within the crypto community from 'public goods funding' to 'open-source funding,' emphasizing transparency and collaboration.