The Mediterranean diet, celebrated for its health benefits and recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, is increasingly threatened by climate change.

This region is warming at a rate 20% faster than the global average, with temperature projections suggesting a rise of 1.8 to 3.5 degrees Celsius by the year 2100.

As a result of climate change, agricultural irrigation needs are expected to increase by 4% to 18%, while water scarcity could rise by as much as 48% due to more frequent hydraulic droughts.

Experts warn that global warming is intensifying water stress, particularly for irrigation-dependent crops like olives, which could lead to higher food prices and shifts in dietary habits.

Rising costs of local produce, including olive oil, are forcing consumers to seek less healthy food options, further jeopardizing the Mediterranean diet.

Extreme weather events in 2022 severely impacted olive oil production across Europe, resulting in an overall decline of 39%, with Italy experiencing a staggering 54% reduction.

In addition to olives, fruit and vegetable growers faced significant losses in 2023, with apple production in Spain down by 15% and reductions in other crops like peaches and tomatoes.

Cereal production has also been adversely affected, with notable decreases in corn and wheat yields across Mediterranean countries in recent years.

The Mediterranean's marine habitats are under threat from pollution and climate change, with over 30% affected and many species classified as vulnerable or endangered.

Research indicates that outdoor activity days in Mediterranean countries are decreasing, with Portugal potentially losing up to 33 days of outdoor-friendly weather by 2100.

Experts are calling for global cooperation to address these challenges, emphasizing the need to link science, policymaking, and stakeholder engagement for sustainable solutions.

Physical activity and socialization are integral to the Mediterranean lifestyle, which emphasizes whole grains, vegetables, and olive oil, contributing to health benefits and disease prevention.