These storm surges pose a significant threat to vulnerable populations and key ports like Richards Bay and Durban, which handle most of South Africa's exports and imports.

The SA Agulhas II, South Africa's icebreaker ship, returned to Cape Town on February 19, 2025, revealing alarming findings about climate change from its recent Antarctic expedition.

The SA Agulhas II, which cost R1.3 billion and has been operational since 2012, gathers critical data on ocean conditions during its supply and relief missions to various research bases.

Johnson emphasized the importance of long-term monitoring of the Southern Ocean to understand climate change impacts and protect ocean health.

DFFE Director-General Nomfundo Tshabalala acknowledged the funding challenges for marine research and stressed the need for investment in scientific studies to balance development and conservation efforts.

The SA Agulhas II is scheduled for another voyage to Marion Island in early April 2025, continuing its vital research efforts.

Concerns were raised about the rapid melting of Arctic and Antarctic ice, which could lead to significant sea level rise and disrupt global ocean currents.

Research from the expedition indicates that ocean health is deteriorating, with the latest report highlighting the negative impacts of human activities and climate change on marine ecosystems.

If all of Greenland's ice melts, it could cause a half-meter rise in sea level, while melting Antarctic ice could result in a catastrophic 60-meter rise.

Rising sea levels contribute to more frequent and severe storm surges, threatening coastal infrastructure in South Africa.

Ashley Johnson, acting chief director of ocean and coast research, reported that rising water temperatures at the equator could lead to tropical cyclones moving further south towards South Africa.