Congo alleges that Rwanda is involved in war crimes and provides military support to M23, a claim that Rwanda denies while acknowledging its troop presence in the region for security purposes.

A truce brokered by the United States and Angola in July 2024 has reduced clashes between Rwandan and Congolese forces, but fighting continues between M23 and other militias.

On November 19, 2024, the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo accused the Rwanda-backed M23 rebel group of committing 'ethnic cleansing' in eastern Congo.

U.N. experts estimate that up to 4,000 Rwandan forces are currently in eastern Congo.

In August 2024, clashes between M23 and pro-government militias resulted in the deaths of 16 villagers, highlighting ongoing violations of the truce.

The conflict in eastern Congo, which is rich in minerals, involves over 100 armed groups competing for control, leading to a severe humanitarian crisis with more than 7 million people displaced.

Over 7 million people have been displaced due to the violence, with many unable to receive aid.

Interior Minister Jacquemain Shabani reported a massive influx of foreign populations in Rutshuru and Masisi territories, claiming that locals were violently expelled.

M23, or the March 23 Movement, consists primarily of ethnic Tutsis who separated from the Congolese army over a decade ago, gaining prominence in 2012 when they captured Goma, the largest city in eastern Congo.

The accusations against M23 follow the group's recent appointment of administrators in the areas it controls, indicating a consolidation of their power.