Following the crash, the inquiry revealed that Duncan appeared detached and calm, raising concerns about her awareness of her dementia condition.

In the ruling from the fatal accident inquiry, Scottish judge Nigel Ross criticized the current self-certification system for elderly drivers, stating it fails to effectively identify those who are unfit to drive.

Ross emphasized the need for a more reliable system that does not depend solely on individuals or families to recognize driving incompetence.

In June 2020, a tragic incident in Edinburgh occurred when 91-year-old Edith Duncan lost control of her vehicle, resulting in the death of three-year-old Xander Irvine, who was pinned against a shop window.

As a response to the incident, Ross proposed mandatory cognitive testing for all drivers over the age of 80 when renewing their licenses, suggesting that the age threshold could even be lowered to 75.

This call for mandatory cognitive testing comes in light of the fatal crash involving Duncan, underscoring the urgent need for improved safety measures for elderly drivers.

Xander was with his mother, looking at a window display when the accident happened, highlighting the sudden and devastating nature of the crash.

Duncan, a former orthopaedic nurse, had undiagnosed cognitive impairment and had even canceled her car insurance three months before the incident.

Despite having no known driving convictions, Duncan had been renewing her driving license every three years since turning 70.